BDO, izwi kandi nka 1,4-butanediol, ni ibikoresho by'ibanze kama n’ibikoresho byiza bya shimi. BDO irashobora gutegurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa acetylene aldehyde, uburyo bwa anhydride ya kigabo, uburyo bwa alcool ya propylene, nuburyo bwa butadiene. Uburyo bwa acetylene aldehyde nuburyo nyamukuru bwinganda zo gutegura BDO bitewe nigiciro cyayo nibyiza byo gutunganya. Acetylene na formaldehyde yabanje guhurizwa hamwe kugirango itange 1,4-butynediol (BYD), iyindi hydrogène kugirango ibone BDO.
Mugihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi (13.8 ~ 27,6 MPa) hamwe na 250 ~ 350 ℃, acetylene ifata na formaldehyde imbere ya catalizator (ubusanzwe cuprous acetylene na bismuth ku nkunga ya silika), hanyuma hagati ya 1,4-butynediol iba hydrogène kuri BDO ukoresheje catalizike ya Raney. Ikiranga uburyo bwa kera ni uko cataliste n'ibicuruzwa bidakenera gutandukana, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni gito. Nyamara, acetylene ifite umuvuduko mwinshi igice kandi ishobora guturika. Ibintu byumutekano byubushakashatsi bwa reakteri bingana ninshuro 12-20, kandi ibikoresho ni binini kandi bihenze, bivamo ishoramari ryinshi; Acetylene izakora polymerize kugirango itange polyacetylene, ikuraho catalizator ikanahagarika umuyoboro, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi umusaruro ukagabanuka.
Mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibitagenda neza nuburyo bukoreshwa muburyo bwa gakondo, ibikoresho bya reaction hamwe na catalizator ya sisitemu yo kubyitwaramo neza byashyizweho kugirango bigabanye umuvuduko wigice cya acetylene muri sisitemu yo kubyitwaramo. Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe cyane haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga. Mugihe kimwe, synthesis ya BYD ikorwa hifashishijwe uburiri bwa silige cyangwa uburiri bwahagaritswe. Uburyo bwa acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation itanga BDO, kandi ubu inzira ISP na INVISTA nizo zikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa.
① Synthesis ya butynediol kuva acetylene na formaldehyde ukoresheje catalizike yumuringa
Bikoreshejwe mubice bya chimique ya acetylene yuburyo bwa BDO muri INVIDIA, formaldehyde ifata acetylene kugirango ikore 1,4-butynediol ikozwe na catalizike yumuringa. Ubushyuhe bwa reaction ni 83-94 ℃, naho umuvuduko ni 25-40 kPa. Cataliste ifite ifu yicyatsi kibisi.
Catalizator ya hydrogenation ya butynediol kuri BDO
Igice cya hydrogenation cyibikorwa bigizwe na reaction ebyiri zumuvuduko ukabije wibitanda bihujwe bikurikirana, hamwe 99% bya hydrogenation reaction yarangiye mumashanyarazi ya mbere. Catalizaires ya mbere na kabiri ya hydrogenation ikora nikel aluminium.
Uburiri buhamye Renee nikel ni nikel ya aluminium alloy blok ifite ubunini buke buri hagati ya 2-10mm, imbaraga nyinshi, kwihanganira kwambara neza, ahantu hanini hihariye, guhagarara neza kwa catalizator, no kuramba kuramba.
Igitanda kidakorewe neza Raney nikel ibice byera byera byera, kandi nyuma yubushuhe runaka bwamazi ya alkali yamenetse, bihinduka ibara ryumukara cyangwa umukara wumukara, cyane cyane rikoreshwa mubitanda byuburiri.
Umuringa ushyigikiwe na synthesis ya butynediol kuva acetylene na formaldehyde
Mubikorwa bya catisale yumuringa bismuth, formaldehyde ikora hamwe na acetylene kugirango itange 1,4-butynediol, ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 92-100 ℃ nigitutu cya 85-106 kPa. Cataliste igaragara nkifu yumukara.
Catalizator ya hydrogenation ya butynediol kuri BDO
Inzira ya ISP ifata ibyiciro bibiri bya hydrogenation. Icyiciro cya mbere ni ugukoresha ifu ya nikel aluminiyumu nka catalizator, kandi hydrogenation yumuvuduko muke ihindura BYD muri BED na BDO. Nyuma yo gutandukana, icyiciro cya kabiri ni hydrogène yumuvuduko mwinshi ukoresheje nikel yapakiwe nka catalizator yo guhindura BED muri BDO.
Catalizeri yibanze ya hydrogenation: ifu ya Raney nikel
Catalizeri yibanze ya hydrogenation: Powder Raney nikel catalizator. Iyi catalizator ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugice gito cya hydrogenation ya progaramu ya ISP, mugutegura ibicuruzwa bya BDO. Ifite ibiranga ibikorwa byinshi, guhitamo neza, igipimo cyo guhinduka, n'umuvuduko wihuse. Ibice byingenzi ni nikel, aluminium, na molybdenum.
Catalizeri yibanze ya hydrogenation: ifu nikel aluminium alloy hydrogenation catalizator
Cataliste isaba ibikorwa byinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, igipimo kinini cyo guhindura 1,4-butynediol, hamwe nibicuruzwa bike.
Icyiciro cya kabiri cya hydrogenation
Nibikoresho byunganira hamwe na alumina nkuwitwaye na nikel n'umuringa nkibigize ibikorwa. Leta yagabanutse ibikwa mumazi. Cataliseri ifite imbaraga za mashini nyinshi, gutakaza ubukana buke, imiti ihamye, kandi biroroshye gukora. Clover yumukara ifite ibice bigaragara.
Gusaba Imanza za Catalizator
Byakoreshejwe kuri BYD kubyara BDO binyuze muri catalizator hydrogenation, ikoreshwa kuri toni 100000 ya BDO. Ibice bibiri byimyororokere yuburiri ikora icyarimwe, kimwe ni JHG-20308, ikindi gitumizwa hanze.
Kugenzura: Mugihe cyo gusuzuma ifu nziza, byagaragaye ko catalizike ya JHG-20308 itanga ifu nziza ugereranije na catisale yatumijwe hanze.
Igikorwa: Catalizator Gukora Umwanzuro: Imiterere yo gukora ya catalizator ebyiri nimwe. Uhereye ku makuru, igipimo cyo kugabanuka, itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwinjira nubusohokanye, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gukora ubushyuhe bwo gusohora amavuta kuri buri cyiciro cyibikorwa birahuye cyane.
Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwa reaction ya catalizike ya JHG-20308 ntaho butandukaniye cyane nubwa catisale yatumijwe mu mahanga, ariko ukurikije ingingo zapimwe nubushyuhe, catalizike ya JHG-20308 ifite ibikorwa byiza kuruta catisale yatumijwe hanze.
Impurities: Duhereye ku makuru yo kumenya igisubizo cya BDO gikemutse mugihe cyambere cyo kubyitwaramo, JHG-20308 ifite umwanda muke mubicuruzwa byarangiye ugereranije na catalizator yatumijwe mu mahanga, ahanini bigaragarira mubirimo n-butanol na HBA.
Muri rusange, imikorere ya catalizike ya JHG-20308 irahagaze neza, nta bicuruzwa bigaragara bigaragara, kandi imikorere yayo ni imwe cyangwa nziza kuruta iy'ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga.
Umusaruro wuburiri butunganijwe nikel aluminium
.
.
(3) Kugaragaza: Kugaragaza ibice bifite ubunini bujuje ibisabwa.
.
.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-11-2023
