BDO, izwi kandi nka 1,4-butanediol, ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cy'ibanze kandi cyiza cya shimi. BDO ishobora gutegurwa binyuze mu buryo bwa acetylene aldehyde, uburyo bwa maleic anhydride, uburyo bwa propylene alcohol, n'uburyo bwa butadiene. Uburyo bwa acetylene aldehyde ni bwo buryo bw'ingenzi mu nganda bwo gutegura BDO bitewe n'igiciro cyabwo n'inyungu zabwo mu gutunganya. Asetylene na formaldehyde bibanza guhuzwa kugira ngo bikore 1,4-butynediol (BYD), ikongera gushyirwamo hidrojeni kugira ngo ikore BDO.
Mu gihe cy’umuvuduko mwinshi (13.8 ~ 27.6 MPa) n’imiterere ya 250 ~ 350 ℃, acetylene ihura na formaldehyde imbere y’umuvuduko (ubusanzwe acetylene ivanze na bismuth ku gishyigikizo cya silica), hanyuma 1,4-butynediol yo hagati igashyirwa muri hydrogene muri BDO hakoreshejwe umuvuduko wa nickel wa Raney. Ikiranga uburyo bwa kera ni uko umuvuduko n’umusaruro bidakenewe gutandukanywa, kandi ikiguzi cyo gukora ni gito. Ariko, acetylene ifite umuvuduko mwinshi w’igice ndetse n’ibyago byo guturika. Umutekano w’igishushanyo cy’umuvuduko ni munini inshuro 12-20, kandi ibikoresho ni binini kandi birahenze, bigatera ishoramari rinini; Acetylene izahindura polymere kugira ngo ikore polyacetylene, ihagarika umuvuduko kandi igafunga umuyoboro, bigatuma uruziga rw’umusaruro rugabanuka kandi umusaruro ukagabanuka.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n'intege nke n'ubusembwa bw'uburyo gakondo, ibikoresho byo gukora reaction na catalysts bya sisitemu yo gukora reaction byanogejwe kugira ngo bigabanye igitutu cy'igice cya acetylene muri sisitemu yo gukora reaction. Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe cyane haba mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Muri icyo gihe, gukora BYD bikorwa hakoreshejwe icyuma gitemba cyangwa icyuma gitemba. Uburyo bwa acetylene aldehyde BYD hydrogenation butanga BDO, kandi ubu inzira za ISP na INVISTA nizo zikoreshwa cyane mu Bushinwa.
① Gukora butynediol iva muri acetylene na formaldehyde hakoreshejwe catalyst ya carbonate y'umuringa
Ikoreshejwe mu gice cya acetylene chemical cya BDO muri INVIDIA, formaldehyde ihura na acetylene igatanga 1,4-butynediol ikoresheje catalyst ya carbonate y'umuringa. Ubushyuhe bw'ihinduka ni 83-94 ℃, kandi igitutu ni 25-40 kPa. Catalyst ifite ifu y'icyatsi kibisi.
② Katalisiti yo gutera butynediol muri BDO
Igice cyo gukwirakwiza hydrogenation muri iki gikorwa kigizwe n’imashini ebyiri zikora hydrogenation zifite umuvuduko mwinshi zihujwe mu buryo bukurikiranye, aho 99% by’imyitozo ya hydrogenation irangira muri riyaki ya mbere. Imashini za hydrogenation za mbere n’iza kabiri ni aloyide za nikeli zikora.
Renee nickel ni agace ka aluminiyumu gakozwe muri nickel gafite ingano kuva kuri mm 2-10, gafite imbaraga nyinshi, gafite ubushobozi bwo kwangirika neza, gafite ubuso bunini bwihariye, gafite ubushobozi bwo gukamura ibintu neza, kandi kamaze igihe kirekire.
Uduce twa nikeli twa Raney tudakora tuba dufite ibara ry'umweru, kandi nyuma yo gukurura alkali mu mazi, tuba utuntu tw'umukara cyangwa umukara, dukoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bitunganya amashanyarazi.
① Ingufu zishyigikiwe n'umuringa mu gukora butynediol iva muri acetylene na formaldehyde
Mu gihe cy'ibikorwa bya catalyst y'umuringa ishyigikiwe na bismuth, formaldehyde ikora acetylene igatanga 1,4-butynediol, ku bushyuhe bwa reaction bwa 92-100 ℃ n'umuvuduko wa 85-106 kPa. Catalyst igaragara nk'ifu y'umukara.
② Katalisiti yo gutera butynediol muri BDO
Uburyo bwa ISP bukoresha ibyiciro bibiri bya hydrogenation. Icyiciro cya mbere ni ugukoresha ifu ya nickel alloy alloy nk'umuti woroshye, naho hydrogenation y'umuvuduko muke ihindura BYD muri BED na BDO. Nyuma yo gutandukana, icyiciro cya kabiri ni hydrogenation y'umuvuduko mwinshi ikoresha nickel yuzuye nk'umuti woroshye kugira ngo BED ihindurwemo BDO.
Kataloge y'ibanze ya hydrogenation: kataloge ya nikeli ya Raney ifu
Katagisiyo y'ibanze ya hydrogenation: Katagisiyo ya nikeli ya Powder Raney. Iyi katagisiyo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gice cya hydrogenation gifite umuvuduko muto w'inzira ya ISP, mu gutegura ibicuruzwa bya BDO. Ifite imiterere yo gukora cyane, guhitamo neza, umuvuduko wo guhindura ibintu, no kwihuta mu gutembera. Ibice by'ingenzi ni nikeli, aluminiyumu, na molybdenum.
Katateri y'ibanze ya hydrogenation: ifu ya nikeli aluminum alloy hydrogenation catateri
Iyi catalyst isaba ibikorwa byinshi, imbaraga nyinshi, igipimo cyo guhindura 1,4-butynediol, n'ibikomoka kuri yo bike.
Ingufu zo kongera ihidrojeni
Ni kataloji ishyigikiwe ifite alumina nk'umutwaro naho nikeli na umuringa nk'ibice bikora. Imiterere yagabanutse ibikwa mu mazi. Kataloji ifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, itakaza imbaraga nke, ihamye neza mu bya shimi, kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha. Uduce tw'umukara dusa n'udusimba.
Imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho bya Catalysts
Ikoreshwa na BYD mu gukora BDO binyuze muri hydrogenation ya catalyst, ishyirwa kuri BDO unit ya toni 100000. Amaseti abiri y'imashini zikora ibintu zihoraho zikora icyarimwe, imwe ni JHG-20308, indi ni catalyst itumizwa mu mahanga.
Gusuzuma: Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma ifu nziza, byagaragaye ko JHG-20308 fixed bed catalyst yatangaga ifu nziza nkeya ugereranyije n’iy’imashini yatumijwe mu mahanga.
Gukora: Gukoresha Catalyst Umwanzuro: Imiterere y'imikorere y'ibi binyabutabire bibiri ni imwe. Ukurikije amakuru, igipimo cyo gukuramo, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe bw'aho binjirira n'aho bisohokera, hamwe n'irekurwa ry'ubushyuhe bw'ingunguru muri buri cyiciro cyo gukora birahuye cyane.
Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bw'ihinduka rya katalisiti ya JHG-20308 ntabwo butandukanye cyane n'ubw'ikatalisiti itumijwe mu mahanga, ariko ukurikije aho ubushyuhe bupimirwa, katalisiti ya JHG-20308 ifite imikorere myiza kurusha katalisiti itumijwe mu mahanga.
Umwanda: Ukurikije amakuru yavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku muti wa BDO mu ntangiriro z’iki gikorwa, JHG-20308 ifite umwanda muke mu bicuruzwa byarangiye ugereranije n’ibikomoka kuri katalyst biva mu mahanga, ahanini bigaragarira mu n-butanol na HBA.
Muri rusange, imikorere ya JHG-20308 catalyst irahamye, nta bicuruzwa bigaragara ko bifite umusaruro mwinshi, kandi imikorere yayo muri rusange ni imwe cyangwa iruta iya catalysts zitumizwa mu mahanga.
Uburyo bwo gukora catalyst ya aluminiyumu ya nikeli yo mu gitanda gihamye
(1) Gushonga: Ifu ya aluminiyumu ya nikeli ishongeshwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma igashyirwa mu ishusho.
(2) Gusya: Uduce tw'ibumba dusya uduce duto dukoresheje ibikoresho byo gusya.
(3) Gusuzuma: Gusuzuma uduce dufite ingano y’uduce tw’ingenzi.
(4) Gukora: Kugenzura ingano runaka n'umuvuduko w'amazi ya alkali kugira ngo ukoreshe utunyangingo turi mu munara w'ibizamini.
(5) Ibipimo by'igenzura: ingano y'icyuma, ingano y'uduce, imbaraga zo gusya zihuta, ubucucike bw'ibice, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 11 Nzeri 2023
